{ "schema_version": "1.0.0", "last_verified": "2026-06-28", "regions": ["USA", "EU", "UK", "Canada", "Australia", "New Zealand", "Japan"], "status_legend": { "allowed": "Registered or materially available for at least some uses.", "restricted": "Registered with significant restrictions, mitigation, or limited uses.", "banned": "Not approved, cancelled, prohibited, or no longer registered for relevant pesticide uses.", "under_review": "Regulatory review, litigation remand, proposed decision, or active reassessment is material to the current status." }, "chemicals": [ { "id": "paraquat", "name": "Paraquat", "class": "Bipyridylium", "type": "Herbicide", "usa_status": "restricted", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted-use pesticide", "note": "Available only for certified applicator use with EPA mitigation and training requirements."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "EU approval was withdrawn and the active substance is not approved for plant protection products."}, "UK": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved following EU-era withdrawal."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted uses", "note": "Health Canada has maintained limited registered uses with mitigation."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Subject to APVMA reconsideration and use restrictions."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Approved uses are subject to controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Materially available with controls; verify product-level approvals."} }, "primary_uses": ["Burndown weed control", "Pre-plant weed management", "Desiccation in some systems"], "food_residue_relevance": "Use patterns can involve pre-harvest or crop-adjacent applications; check commodity-specific tolerances and residue monitoring.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Highest concern is acute poisoning and applicator exposure; bystander and environmental exposure are addressed through mitigation.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Not framed here as confirmed fertility harm; some studies examine developmental or reproductive endpoints, but the dominant regulatory concern is acute toxicity and exposure risk."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not a primary regulatory basis in the sources used."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "strong_peer_reviewed", "claim_language": "Associated in epidemiological literature with Parkinson's disease risk; regulatory materials emphasize acute toxicity and exposure mitigation."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not a primary regulatory basis in the sources used."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern compared with acute toxicity and exposure."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in the sources used."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "EPA restrictions and training requirements reflect serious handling and exposure risk."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Restricted in the U.S. because of acute toxicity and exposure risk; not approved in the EU/UK after regulatory review.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2007-07-11", "region": "EU", "event_type": "court_decision", "title": "EU approval annulled", "summary": "The EU approval decision was annulled, leading to non-approval."}, {"date": "2016-12-15", "region": "USA", "event_type": "mitigation", "title": "EPA mitigation package", "summary": "EPA announced stronger paraquat safety measures including closed-system and training requirements."}, {"date": "2021-07-13", "region": "USA", "event_type": "interim_decision", "title": "EPA interim registration review decision", "summary": "EPA issued mitigation for residential bystander and occupational risks."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/paraquat-dichloride", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-paraquat"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "diquat", "name": "Diquat", "class": "Bipyridylium", "type": "Herbicide", "usa_status": "restricted", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted aquatic uses", "note": "EPA has retained uses with mitigation, including aquatic-use risk management."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "EU active substance approval is not current."}, "UK": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Withdrawn/not approved for plant protection uses."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Some registered products and uses remain subject to label controls."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Subject to APVMA controls and review history."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Approved uses are subject to controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product-level approvals."} }, "primary_uses": ["Aquatic weed control", "Vegetation management", "Desiccation in some systems"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant where crop desiccant or crop-adjacent uses exist; verify commodity tolerances before drawing food-residue conclusions.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Aquatic and applicator exposure scenarios are central to risk-management language.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not presented here as a confirmed fertility hazard."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not a primary regulatory basis in the sources used."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some reviews discuss neurotoxicity endpoints; regulatory status here is driven by broader exposure and ecological concerns."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not a primary regulatory basis in the sources used."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Water-use patterns make aquatic exposure relevant, but this dashboard separates that from confirmed groundwater persistence."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in the sources used."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "EPA mitigation addresses handling and application exposure."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "medium", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Restricted or not approved in several regions because of human-health, aquatic, and exposure concerns.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2018-10-12", "region": "EU", "event_type": "non_renewal", "title": "EU non-renewal", "summary": "Diquat was not renewed for EU plant protection use."}, {"date": "2019-07-01", "region": "USA", "event_type": "interim_decision", "title": "EPA interim decision", "summary": "EPA issued risk mitigation while retaining selected uses."} ], "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/start/screen/active-substances/details/659", "source_type": "official_regulatory_database", "sources": ["epa-diquat", "eu-diquat"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "chlorpyrifos", "name": "Chlorpyrifos", "class": "Organophosphate", "type": "Insecticide", "usa_status": "under_review", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "under_review", "label": "Litigation/remand", "note": "EPA status has shifted through court action, tolerance revocation, and registration review; verify current allowed products before use."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "EU approval was not renewed after human-health concerns."}, "UK": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved for broad plant protection uses."}, "Canada": {"status": "banned", "label": "Cancelled", "note": "Health Canada cancelled most uses following re-evaluation."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted/under review", "note": "APVMA has reconsidered uses and restrictions."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Subject to product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product and residue status."} }, "primary_uses": ["Insect control in agriculture", "Stored commodity and specialty uses in some regions"], "food_residue_relevance": "Historically important for food tolerances; U.S. status has been heavily affected by tolerance litigation and court orders.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Developmental neurotoxicity and prenatal/early-life exposure are central to regulatory debate.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "associated", "claim_language": "Not stated here as confirmed fertility harm; concerns are framed mainly around developmental neurotoxicity and prenatal/early-life exposure."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some studies examine endocrine-related endpoints, but this is not the primary regulatory label used here."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "Regulators have cited developmental neurotoxicity concerns, especially for children and prenatal exposure."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant regulatory concern in the sources used."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this dashboard record."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Insecticide exposure can affect non-target organisms; this dashboard does not treat pollinator harm as the central chlorpyrifos finding."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "strong_peer_reviewed", "claim_language": "Handling and application exposure remain relevant in risk assessments."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Banned or not approved in several regions because of neurodevelopmental and human-health concerns; U.S. status remains shaped by litigation and EPA review.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2020-01-10", "region": "EU", "event_type": "non_renewal", "title": "EU non-renewal", "summary": "EU approval for chlorpyrifos was not renewed."}, {"date": "2021-08-18", "region": "USA", "event_type": "tolerance_action", "title": "EPA revoked food tolerances", "summary": "EPA issued a final rule revoking tolerances for chlorpyrifos residues on food."}, {"date": "2023-11-02", "region": "USA", "event_type": "court_decision", "title": "Eighth Circuit vacated EPA revocation", "summary": "The court vacated EPA's tolerance revocation and remanded the matter."}, {"date": "2024-12-31", "region": "USA", "event_type": "review", "title": "EPA registration review continues", "summary": "EPA continued review following litigation and proposed paths for uses."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/chlorpyrifos", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-chlorpyrifos", "eu-chlorpyrifos"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "atrazine", "name": "Atrazine", "class": "Triazine", "type": "Herbicide", "usa_status": "under_review", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "under_review", "label": "Registered; review active", "note": "EPA registration review and ecological mitigation remain active."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved in the EU; groundwater contamination was a major concern."}, "UK": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved following EU-era decision-making."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with mitigation", "note": "Health Canada has retained selected uses with risk-management measures."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with controls", "note": "Product-level restrictions and environmental controls apply."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Approved with controls", "note": "Verify product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product and residue status."} }, "primary_uses": ["Corn and sorghum weed control", "Pre- and post-emergence weed control"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant to broad-acre crop residue monitoring; public concern often centers on drinking-water detections.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Drinking-water and ecological exposure are central public-interest concerns.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some peer-reviewed studies examine reproductive/developmental endpoints; this dashboard does not state confirmed fertility harm."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "strong_peer_reviewed", "claim_language": "Frequently studied for endocrine-related effects; regulatory conclusions vary by jurisdiction and endpoint."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in the sources used."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not framed here as a confirmed carcinogen."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "Groundwater and drinking-water concerns were central to EU non-approval and remain central to monitoring discussions."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Applicator exposure is relevant but not the primary public-facing issue in this record."}, "evidence_strength": "strong peer-reviewed evidence", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Not approved in the EU due to groundwater concerns; registered in the U.S. with ongoing ecological and drinking-water review.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2004-03-10", "region": "EU", "event_type": "non_approval", "title": "EU non-approval", "summary": "EU decision-making removed atrazine approval, with groundwater concerns central to the action."}, {"date": "2020-09-18", "region": "USA", "event_type": "interim_decision", "title": "EPA interim decision", "summary": "EPA issued interim registration review decisions for atrazine and related triazines."}, {"date": "2022-06-30", "region": "USA", "event_type": "proposed_revision", "title": "EPA proposed revised atrazine decision", "summary": "EPA proposed changes to the aquatic plant concentration-equivalent level of concern and mitigation."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/atrazine", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-atrazine", "eea-pesticides-water"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "imidacloprid", "name": "Imidacloprid", "class": "Neonicotinoid", "type": "Insecticide", "usa_status": "restricted", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with mitigation", "note": "EPA has proposed and implemented pollinator and ecological risk mitigation while retaining uses."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Outdoor uses banned", "note": "EU restrictions prohibit outdoor uses; limited greenhouse uses may remain."}, "UK": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Emergency-limited exceptions", "note": "Routine outdoor uses are restricted; emergency authorizations have been considered or granted for specific crops."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Health Canada re-evaluation retained some uses with pollinator and aquatic mitigation."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with controls", "note": "Product labels and pollinator directions apply."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Approved with controls", "note": "Verify product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product-level approvals and residue limits."} }, "primary_uses": ["Seed treatment", "Systemic insect control", "Soil and foliar applications"], "food_residue_relevance": "Systemic insecticide use can be relevant to residue and pollinator-risk discussions; monitor commodity-level data.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Public-interest concern centers on pollinator and aquatic ecosystem effects rather than direct consumer toxicity claims.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not presented here as confirmed fertility harm."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant regulatory concern in the sources used."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Acts on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; human neurotoxicity is not the main regulatory basis summarized here."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in the sources used."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue; environmental persistence depends on compound and conditions."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Aquatic exposure and runoff concerns are relevant in some regulatory assessments."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "EU and EPA actions identify pollinator risk as a central basis for restrictions or mitigation."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Label handling directions apply; not the primary concern summarized here."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Restricted abroad and mitigated in the U.S. largely because of pollinator and ecological risk findings.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2013-12-01", "region": "EU", "event_type": "restriction", "title": "EU neonicotinoid restrictions began", "summary": "EU restrictions on several neonicotinoids began after EFSA pollinator-risk assessments."}, {"date": "2018-04-27", "region": "EU", "event_type": "restriction", "title": "EU outdoor-use restrictions expanded", "summary": "Member States supported stronger restrictions on outdoor uses of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam."}, {"date": "2020-01-30", "region": "USA", "event_type": "proposed_interim_decision", "title": "EPA proposed interim decision", "summary": "EPA proposed pollinator and ecological mitigations for imidacloprid."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/pollinator-protection/epa-actions-protect-pollinators", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-neonics", "eu-neonics"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "clothianidin", "name": "Clothianidin", "class": "Neonicotinoid", "type": "Insecticide", "usa_status": "restricted", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with mitigation", "note": "EPA has proposed and implemented ecological and pollinator risk mitigation while retaining uses."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Outdoor uses banned", "note": "EU restrictions prohibit outdoor uses; limited greenhouse uses may remain."}, "UK": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Emergency-limited exceptions", "note": "Routine outdoor uses are restricted; emergency authorizations have been considered for specific crops."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Health Canada re-evaluation retained selected uses with mitigation."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with controls", "note": "Product labels and pollinator directions apply."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Approved with controls", "note": "Verify product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product-level approvals and residue limits."} }, "primary_uses": ["Seed treatment", "Systemic insect control"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant where seed treatment or systemic uses intersect with residue monitoring.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Public concern centers on pollinator and aquatic effects rather than a single human-health endpoint.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not presented here as confirmed fertility harm."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant regulatory concern in the sources used."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Mode of action is neuroactive in insects; this record avoids extrapolating to confirmed human neurotoxicity."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in the sources used."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not classified as PFAS here; persistence and mobility are assessed separately."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Aquatic exposure is relevant to risk mitigation."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "EU and EPA actions identify pollinator risk as a central concern."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Label handling controls apply."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Restricted abroad and mitigated in the U.S. because of pollinator and ecological risk findings.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2013-12-01", "region": "EU", "event_type": "restriction", "title": "EU neonicotinoid restrictions began", "summary": "EU restrictions on several neonicotinoids began after EFSA pollinator-risk assessments."}, {"date": "2018-04-27", "region": "EU", "event_type": "restriction", "title": "EU outdoor-use restrictions expanded", "summary": "Outdoor uses were further restricted."}, {"date": "2020-01-30", "region": "USA", "event_type": "proposed_interim_decision", "title": "EPA proposed interim decision", "summary": "EPA proposed ecological and pollinator mitigation."} ], "source_url": "https://food.ec.europa.eu/plants/pesticides/approval-active-substances-safeners-and-synergists/approval-active-substances/neonicotinoids_en", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-neonics", "eu-neonics"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "thiamethoxam", "name": "Thiamethoxam", "class": "Neonicotinoid", "type": "Insecticide", "usa_status": "restricted", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with mitigation", "note": "EPA has proposed and implemented ecological and pollinator risk mitigation while retaining uses."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Outdoor uses banned", "note": "EU restrictions prohibit outdoor uses; limited greenhouse uses may remain."}, "UK": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Emergency-limited exceptions", "note": "Routine outdoor uses are restricted; emergency authorizations have been considered for specific crops."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Health Canada re-evaluation retained selected uses with mitigation."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with controls", "note": "Product labels and pollinator directions apply."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Approved with controls", "note": "Verify product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product-level approvals and residue limits."} }, "primary_uses": ["Seed treatment", "Systemic insect control"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant where systemic uses and seed treatments intersect with residue monitoring.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Public-interest concern centers on pollinator and aquatic risk.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not presented here as confirmed fertility harm."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant regulatory concern in the sources used."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Mode of action is neuroactive in insects; this record avoids extrapolating to confirmed human neurotoxicity."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in the sources used."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not classified as PFAS here."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Aquatic exposure is relevant to risk mitigation."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "EU and EPA actions identify pollinator risk as a central concern."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Label handling controls apply."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Restricted abroad and mitigated in the U.S. because of pollinator and ecological risk findings.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2013-12-01", "region": "EU", "event_type": "restriction", "title": "EU neonicotinoid restrictions began", "summary": "EU restrictions on several neonicotinoids began after EFSA pollinator-risk assessments."}, {"date": "2018-04-27", "region": "EU", "event_type": "restriction", "title": "EU outdoor-use restrictions expanded", "summary": "Outdoor uses were further restricted."}, {"date": "2020-01-30", "region": "USA", "event_type": "proposed_interim_decision", "title": "EPA proposed interim decision", "summary": "EPA proposed ecological and pollinator mitigation."} ], "source_url": "https://food.ec.europa.eu/plants/pesticides/approval-active-substances-safeners-and-synergists/approval-active-substances/neonicotinoids_en", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-neonics", "eu-neonics"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "mancozeb", "name": "Mancozeb", "class": "Dithiocarbamate", "type": "Fungicide", "usa_status": "allowed", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Registered", "note": "Materially available in the U.S.; review product labels and EPA registration review."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "EU approval was not renewed."}, "UK": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved following EU-era decision-making."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Health Canada has product-specific directions and restrictions."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with controls", "note": "Product-level controls apply."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Approved with controls", "note": "Verify product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product and residue status."} }, "primary_uses": ["Fungicide in fruit, vegetable, and field crops"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant to residue monitoring because it is used on food crops and has metabolite considerations.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Public-interest concerns include dietary exposure, endocrine-related assessment, and reproductive/developmental toxicity classification in some jurisdictions.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "EU non-renewal materials identify reproductive/developmental concern; this is regulatory concern language, not a claim of individual causation."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "EFSA/EU materials raised endocrine disruption concerns relevant to non-renewal."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Not the dominant regulatory basis in this record."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some assessments discuss carcinogenicity endpoints; the dashboard uses cautious concern language."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Environmental fate and metabolite issues are relevant in risk assessment."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the primary concern in this record."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "strong_peer_reviewed", "claim_language": "Handling exposure is considered in risk assessments."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "EU non-renewal cited human-health concerns including endocrine and reproductive/developmental endpoints.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2020-12-14", "region": "EU", "event_type": "non_renewal", "title": "EU mancozeb non-renewal", "summary": "EU adopted non-renewal for mancozeb."}, {"date": "2021-07-04", "region": "EU", "event_type": "withdrawal_deadline", "title": "EU grace periods ended", "summary": "Member State authorizations were phased out after non-renewal."} ], "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/2087/oj/eng", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["eu-mancozeb", "efsa-mancozeb"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "carbendazim", "name": "Carbendazim", "class": "Benzimidazole", "type": "Fungicide metabolite / fungicide", "usa_status": "banned", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "banned", "label": "No registered food-use products", "note": "EPA has addressed carbendazim in relation to thiophanate-methyl and related tolerances; verify product-level registration."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved as an active substance."}, "UK": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved for plant protection products."}, "Canada": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not registered", "note": "Verify current PMRA product database for any exceptional uses."}, "Australia": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted/not broadly approved", "note": "Verify current APVMA product-level status."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product and residue status."} }, "primary_uses": ["Fungicide", "Breakdown product of thiophanate-methyl"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant as a residue/metabolite issue even where direct product registration is limited.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Concern centers on reproductive/developmental toxicity classifications and residue pathways.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "Classified and regulated for reproductive/developmental concern in several frameworks; this is hazard/regulatory language."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some endocrine-related endpoints appear in literature, but reproductive classification is the clearer basis here."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some assessments discuss carcinogenicity endpoints; this dashboard does not state confirmed cancer causation."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Handling exposure is relevant where related products are used."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "medium", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Restricted or not approved in many markets because of reproductive/developmental and residue concerns.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2014-01-01", "region": "EU", "event_type": "non_approval", "title": "EU non-approval remains in effect", "summary": "Carbendazim is not approved as an active substance in the EU."}, {"date": "2020-10-22", "region": "USA", "event_type": "interim_decision", "title": "EPA decisions on related fungicides", "summary": "EPA addressed carbendazim alongside thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil decisions."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/epa-announces-interim-decisions-chlorothalonil-thiophanate-methyl-and-carbendazim", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-chlorothalonil"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "chlorothalonil", "name": "Chlorothalonil", "class": "Chloronitrile", "type": "Fungicide", "usa_status": "restricted", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Registered with mitigation", "note": "EPA interim decision retained uses with mitigation."}, "EU": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "EU approval was not renewed amid groundwater metabolite and cancer concerns."}, "UK": {"status": "banned", "label": "Not approved", "note": "Not approved following EU-era decision-making."}, "Canada": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Health Canada has risk-management measures."}, "Australia": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Registered", "note": "Materially available; verify product labels."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Approved with controls", "note": "Verify product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "restricted", "label": "Restricted", "note": "Verify product and residue status."} }, "primary_uses": ["Broad-spectrum fungicide in field and specialty crops"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant to food-crop residue monitoring and drinking-water metabolite concerns.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Public-interest concerns include groundwater metabolites and carcinogenicity classifications used by regulators.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "Regulatory documents cite carcinogenicity concern; this is hazard/risk-assessment language, not a statement of individual causation."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "Groundwater metabolites were a central EU non-renewal concern."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "strong_peer_reviewed", "claim_language": "Handling and application exposure are relevant to risk mitigation."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "EU non-renewal centered on groundwater metabolites and human-health uncertainty; U.S. retained uses with mitigation.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2019-04-29", "region": "EU", "event_type": "non_renewal", "title": "EU non-renewal", "summary": "EU did not renew approval for chlorothalonil."}, {"date": "2020-10-22", "region": "USA", "event_type": "interim_decision", "title": "EPA interim decision", "summary": "EPA announced interim decision retaining uses with mitigation."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/epa-announces-interim-decisions-chlorothalonil-thiophanate-methyl-and-carbendazim", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-chlorothalonil"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "glyphosate", "name": "Glyphosate", "class": "Glycine derivative", "type": "Herbicide", "usa_status": "under_review", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "under_review", "label": "Registered; remand work", "note": "EPA registration review continues after Ninth Circuit remand of parts of the 2020 interim decision."}, "EU": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Renewed with conditions", "note": "EU renewed approval with conditions and Member State implementation."}, "UK": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Approved", "note": "Approved subject to product authorization and label controls."}, "Canada": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Registered", "note": "Registered with label controls."}, "Australia": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Registered", "note": "Registered with product label controls."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Approved", "note": "Approved with product-level controls."}, "Japan": {"status": "allowed", "label": "Registered", "note": "Verify product and residue status."} }, "primary_uses": ["Broad-spectrum weed control", "Pre-plant and post-emergence applications", "Some pre-harvest uses depending on jurisdiction"], "food_residue_relevance": "Highly relevant to residue and exposure debate because of broad use and differing hazard/risk assessments.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Public debate centers on cancer classification differences, litigation, and exposure scenarios.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some studies examine reproductive endpoints; this dashboard does not state confirmed fertility harm."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some studies examine endocrine-related endpoints; regulatory conclusions differ."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern in this record."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "litigation_advocacy_claim", "claim_language": "IARC classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans; EPA has not reached the same cancer-risk conclusion for registered uses. The dashboard shows the disagreement rather than resolving it."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "none", "claim_language": "Not classified here as a PFAS issue."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Environmental fate and runoff concerns are monitored but not the principal regulatory disagreement shown here."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Indirect habitat and formulation issues are debated; this record avoids treating direct pollinator toxicity as confirmed."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "strong_peer_reviewed", "claim_language": "Exposure scenario matters materially to cancer-risk and handling debates."}, "evidence_strength": "mixed official assessments", "confidence": "high", "why_banned_or_restricted": "Not banned broadly in the comparison regions, but under continuing review and litigation because official hazard and risk assessments diverge.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2015-03-20", "region": "International", "event_type": "scientific_review", "title": "IARC classification", "summary": "IARC classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans."}, {"date": "2020-01-22", "region": "USA", "event_type": "interim_decision", "title": "EPA interim registration review decision", "summary": "EPA issued an interim decision that included its cancer-risk conclusion."}, {"date": "2022-06-17", "region": "USA", "event_type": "court_decision", "title": "Ninth Circuit remand", "summary": "The Ninth Circuit vacated parts of EPA's interim decision and remanded for further work."}, {"date": "2023-11-16", "region": "EU", "event_type": "renewal", "title": "EU renewal", "summary": "EU renewed approval for glyphosate with conditions."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-glyphosate", "iarc-glyphosate"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" }, { "id": "pfas-pesticide-ingredients", "name": "PFAS-containing pesticide ingredients", "class": "PFAS / fluorinated substances", "type": "Ingredient group", "usa_status": "under_review", "region_statuses": { "USA": {"status": "under_review", "label": "EPA PFAS review", "note": "EPA has actions on PFAS in containers, products, and ingredients; product-by-product status varies."}, "EU": {"status": "under_review", "label": "PFAS restriction proposal", "note": "Broad PFAS restriction work is underway; pesticide active-substance status varies."}, "UK": {"status": "under_review", "label": "PFAS review", "note": "PFAS policy and product-level controls are evolving."}, "Canada": {"status": "under_review", "label": "PFAS review", "note": "PFAS policy and product-level controls are evolving."}, "Australia": {"status": "under_review", "label": "PFAS review", "note": "PFAS policy and product-level controls are evolving."}, "New Zealand": {"status": "under_review", "label": "PFAS review", "note": "PFAS policy and product-level controls are evolving."}, "Japan": {"status": "under_review", "label": "PFAS review", "note": "PFAS policy and product-level controls are evolving."} }, "primary_uses": ["Active ingredients", "Inert ingredients", "Container or packaging contamination pathways"], "food_residue_relevance": "Relevant where PFAS are ingredients, contaminants, or packaging-related residues; product-specific evidence is essential.", "public_exposure_relevance": "Public concern centers on persistence, bioaccumulation potential, drinking-water pathways, and difficulty of remediation.", "fertility_reproductive_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some PFAS are associated with reproductive and developmental endpoints; do not generalize that finding to every fluorinated pesticide ingredient without compound-specific evidence."}, "endocrine_disruption_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some PFAS have endocrine-related evidence; compound-specific assessment is required."}, "neurotoxicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some PFAS literature examines neurodevelopmental endpoints; this group record does not claim a uniform effect."}, "carcinogenicity_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Some PFAS have cancer classifications or associations; compound-specific evidence is required."}, "pfAS_or_persistence_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "Persistence is the defining concern for PFAS policy and pesticide-product review."}, "groundwater_concern": {"level": "regulatory_finding", "claim_language": "PFAS mobility and drinking-water pathways are central public concerns."}, "pollinator_concern": {"level": "limited", "claim_language": "Not the dominant concern for this group record."}, "occupational_exposure_concern": {"level": "emerging", "claim_language": "Handling exposure may be relevant product-by-product."}, "evidence_strength": "regulatory finding", "confidence": "medium", "why_banned_or_restricted": "PFAS policy is evolving because persistence and drinking-water pathways make source control important; pesticide-product implications vary by compound and route.", "regulatory_timeline": [ {"date": "2020-09-01", "region": "USA", "event_type": "investigation", "title": "EPA investigation of PFAS in containers", "summary": "EPA began public communication on PFAS contamination pathways involving pesticide containers."}, {"date": "2023-01-13", "region": "EU", "event_type": "restriction_proposal", "title": "EU broad PFAS restriction proposal", "summary": "Five authorities submitted a broad PFAS restriction proposal under REACH."}, {"date": "2024-05-01", "region": "USA", "event_type": "review", "title": "EPA PFAS pesticide actions continue", "summary": "EPA continued reviewing PFAS in pesticide products, packaging, and ingredients."} ], "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/pfas-packaging", "source_type": "official_regulatory", "sources": ["epa-pfas-pesticides"], "last_verified": "2026-06-28" } ] }